Imran Sajjad Bhatti: Window/Office

Windows_XP_Professional_SP3_Nov_2013_Incl_SATA_Drivers

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<span style="color: #666666;">Windows XP SP3</span></h1>
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Windows XP</h1>
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                                               Windows XP (stylised as Windowsxp; codenamed Whistler)[6] is a personal computer operating system that was produced by Microsoft as part of the Windows NT family of operating systems. The operating system was released to manufacturing on August 24, 2001, and generally released for retail sale on October 25, 2001.</div>
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Development of Windows XP began in the late 1990s as "Neptune", an operating system built on the Windows NT kernel which was intended specifically for mainstream consumer use—an updated version of Windows 2000 was also originally planned for the business market. However, in January 2000, both projects were shelved in favor of a single OS codenamed "Whistler", which would serve as a single OS platform for both consumer and business markets. Windows XP was a major advance from the MS-DOS based versions of Windows in security, stability and efficiency[7] due to its use of Windows NT underpinnings. It introduced a significantly redesigned graphical user interface and was the first version of Windows to use product activation in an effort to reduce its copyright infringement.</div>
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Upon its release Windows XP received generally positive reviews, with critics noting increased performance (especially in comparison to Windows ME), a more intuitive user interface, improved hardware support, and its expanded multimedia capabilities.[8] Despite some initial concerns over the new licensing model and product activation system, Windows XP eventually proved to be popular and widely used. It is estimated that at least 400 million copies of Windows XP were sold globally within its first five years of availability,[9][10] and at least one billion copies were sold by April 2014.[11] Sales of Windows XP licenses to original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) ceased on June 30, 2008, but continued for netbooks until October 2010. Windows XP remained popular even after the release of newer versions, particularly due to the poorly received release of its successor Windows Vista. Vista's 2009 successor, Windows 7, only overtook XP in total market share at the end of 2011.[12]</div>
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Extended support for Windows XP ended on April 8, 2014, after which the operating system ceased receiving further support or security updates to most users. As of March 2016, Windows XP desktop market share is 7.4%[13] (and market share is higher in e.g. China at 26%,[14][15] India;[16] Asia in general and Africa), making it the fifth most popular after Windows 8.1 and OS X (though some statistics rank it third, at 10.90%, after Windows 10</div>
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<h2 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; font-family: "Linux Libertine", Georgia, Times, serif; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px;">
<span class="mw-headline" id="System_requirements">System requirements</span></h2>
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System requirements for Windows XP are as follows:</div>
<table cellpadding="0" class="collapsible" id="collapsibleTable0" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.4px; margin: 0.5em 1em 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px; width: 782px;"><tbody>
<tr><th style="padding-left: 1em;"><span class="collapseButton" style="float: right; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 0.5em; text-align: right; width: auto;">[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_XP#" id="collapseButton0" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">hide</a>]</span><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">System requirements</span></span></th></tr>
<tr><td><table cellpadding="3" class="wikitable" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); color: black; font-size: 12.32px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px; padding: 0.2em; width: 772.094px;"><tbody>
<tr><th style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center; width: 10em;"></th><th style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center; width: 11em;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Minimum</span></span></th><th style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center; width: 11em;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Recommended</span></span></th></tr>
<tr><th colspan="3" style="background: rgb(209, 219, 223); border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Home/Professional Edition</span></span></th></tr>
<tr><th style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">CPU</span></span></th><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><div class="plainlist">
<ul style="line-height: inherit; list-style: none none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentium" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Pentium">Pentium</a> or compatible, 233 MHz</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">BIOS or compatible firmware</span></li>
</ul>
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</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><div class="plainlist">
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<li style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentium" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Pentium">Pentium</a> or compatible, 300 MHz</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIOS" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="BIOS">BIOS</a> or compatible firmware</span></li>
</ul>
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<tr><th style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Memory</span></span></th><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">64 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megabyte" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Megabyte">MB</a></span></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">128 MB</span></td></tr>
<tr><th style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Hard drive</span></span></th><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><div class="plainlist">
<ul style="line-height: inherit; list-style: none none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">1.5 GB</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Master boot record used</span></li>
</ul>
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<li style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">+661 MB for Service Pack 1 and 1a</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">+1.8 GB for Service Pack 2</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">+900 MB for Service Pack 3</span></li>
</ul>
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<tr><th style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Media</span></span></th><td colspan="2" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">CD-ROM drive or compatible</span></td></tr>
<tr><th style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Display</span></span></th><td colspan="2" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Super VGA (800 × 600)</span></td></tr>
<tr><th style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Sound hardware</span></span></th><td class="table-na" style="background: rgb(236, 236, 236); border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); color: #2c2c2c; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">N/A</span></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Sound card plus <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_speaker" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Computer speaker">speakers</a>/headphones</span></td></tr>
<tr><th style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Input device(s)</span></span></th><td colspan="2" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Keyboard, mouse</span></td></tr>
<tr><th colspan="3" style="background: rgb(209, 219, 223); border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Professional x64 Edition<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-97" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_XP#cite_note-97" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[97]</a></sup></span></span></th></tr>
<tr><th style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">CPU</span></span></th><td colspan="2" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><div class="plainlist">
<ul style="line-height: inherit; list-style: none none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">x86-64 or compatible</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">BIOS or compatible firmware</span></li>
</ul>
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<tr><th style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Memory</span></span></th><td colspan="2" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">256 MB</span></td></tr>
<tr><th style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Hard drive</span></span></th><td colspan="2" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><div class="plainlist">
<ul style="line-height: inherit; list-style: none none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">1.5 GB</span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Master boot record used</span></li>
</ul>
</div>
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<tr><th style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Media</span></span></th><td colspan="2" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">CD-ROM drive or compatible</span></td></tr>
<tr><th style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Display</span></span></th><td colspan="2" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Super VGA (800 × 600)</span></td></tr>
<tr><th style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Sound hardware</span></span></th><td class="table-na" style="background: rgb(236, 236, 236); border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); color: #2c2c2c; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">N/A</span></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Sound card plus speakers/headphones</span></td></tr>
<tr><th style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Input device(s)</span></span></th><td colspan="2" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Keyboard, mouse</span></td></tr>
<tr><th colspan="3" style="background: rgb(209, 219, 223); border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">64-Bit Edition<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-99" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"></sup></span></span></th></tr>
<tr><th style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">CPU</span></span></th><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color: black; font-size: xx-small;">Itanium 733 MHz</span></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Itanium 800 MHz</span></td></tr>
<tr><th style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Memory</span></span></th><td colspan="2" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">1 GB</span></td></tr>
<tr><th style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Hard drive</span></span></th><td colspan="2" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">6 GB</span></td></tr>
<tr><th style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Media</span></span></th><td colspan="2" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">CD-ROM drive or compatible</span></td></tr>
<tr><th style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Display</span></span></th><td colspan="2" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Super VGA (800 × 600)</span></td></tr>
<tr><th style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Input device(s)</span></span></th><td colspan="2" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Keyboard, mouse</span></td></tr>
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Windows_XP_Professional_SP3_Nov_2013_Incl_SATA_Drivers

Windows XP SP3 Windows XP Windows XP (stylised as Windowsxp; cod...

windows_10_version_1511_updated_feb_2016_x86_x64_10586

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<h1 class="firstHeading" id="firstHeading" lang="en" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; font-family: "Linux Libertine", Georgia, Times, serif; font-size: 1.8em; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; overflow: visible; padding: 0px;">
Windows 10:</h1>
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                                           Windows 10 is a personal computer operating system developed and released by Microsoft as part of the Windows NT family of operating systems. It was officially unveiled in September 2014 following a brief demo at Build 2014. The first version of the operating system entered a public beta testing process in October 2014, leading up to its consumer release on July 29, 2015.[4]</div>
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Windows 10 introduces what Microsoft described as "universal apps"; expanding on Metro-style apps, these apps can be designed to run across multiple Microsoft product families with nearly identical code‍—‌including PCs, tablets, smartphones, embedded systems, Xbox One, Surface Hub and Windows Holographic. The Windows user interface was revised to handle transitions between a mouse-oriented interface and a touchscreen-optimized interface based on available input devices‍—‌particularly on 2-in-1 PCs; both interfaces include an updated Start menu which incorporates elements of Windows 7's traditional Start menu with the tiles of Windows 8. The first release of Windows 10 also introduces a virtual desktop system, a window and desktop management feature called Task View, the Microsoft Edge web browser, support for fingerprint and face recognition login, new security features for enterprise environments, and DirectX 12 and WDDM 2.0 to improve the operating system's graphics capabilities for games.</div>
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Microsoft described Windows 10 as an "operating system as a service" that would receive ongoing updates to its features and functionality, augmented with the ability for enterprise environments to receive non-critical updates at a slower pace, or use long-term support milestones that will only receive critical updates, such as security patches, over their five-year lifespan of mainstream support. Terry Myerson, executive vice president of Microsoft's Windows and Devices Group, argued that the goal of this model was to reduce fragmentation across the Windows platform, as Microsoft aimed to have Windows 10 installed on at least one billion devices in the two to three years following its release.[5]</div>
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Windows 10 received mostly positive reviews upon its original release in July 2015; critics praised Microsoft's decision to downplay user-interface mechanics introduced by Windows 8 (including the full screen apps and Start screen) in non-touch environments to provide a desktop-oriented interface in line with previous versions of Windows, although Windows 10's touch-oriented user interface mode was panned for containing regressions upon the touch-oriented interface of Windows 8. Critics also praised the improvements to Windows 10's bundled software over 8.1, Xbox Live integration, as well as the functionality and capabilities of Cortana personal assistant and the replacement of Internet Explorer with Microsoft Edge.</div>
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Critics characterized the initial release of Windows 10 in July 2015 as being rushed, citing the incomplete state of some of the operating system's bundled software (such as the Edge web browser), as well as the stability of the operating system itself on launch.[6][7][8] Windows 10 was also criticized for limiting how users can control its operation, including limited controls over the installation of updates on the main consumer-oriented edition in comparison to previous versions. Privacy concerns were also voiced by critics and advocates, as the operating system's default settings and certain features require the transmission of user data to Microsoft or its partners. Microsoft has also received criticism for how it has distributed Windows 10 to users of existing versions of Windows, which has included the automatic downloads of installation files to computers, the recurring display of pop-ups advertising the upgrade, and the installation process being scheduled or initiated automatically without expressed user consent.</div>
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Development[edit]</div>
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At the Microsoft Worldwide Partner Conference in 2011, Andrew Lees, the chief of Microsoft's mobile technologies, stated that the company intended to have a single software ecosystem for PCs, phones, tablets, and other devices. "We won’t have an ecosystem for PCs, and one for phones, and one for tablets‍—‌they'll all come together."[13][14]</div>
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In December 2013, technology writer Mary Jo Foley reported that Microsoft was working on an update to Windows 8 codenamed "Threshold", after a planet in Microsoft's Halo video game franchise.[15] Similarly to "Blue" (which became Windows 8.1),[16] Foley called Threshold a "wave of operating systems" across multiple Microsoft platforms and services, scheduled for the second quarter of 2015. Foley reported that among the goals for Threshold was to create a unified application platform and development toolkit for Windows, Windows Phone and Xbox One (which all use a similar Windows NT kernel).[15][17]</div>
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In April 2014, at the Build Conference, Microsoft's Terry Myerson unveiled an updated version of Windows 8.1 that added the ability to run Windows Store apps inside desktop windows and a more traditional Start menu in place of the Start screen seen in Windows 8. The new Start menu takes after Windows 7's design by using only a portion of the screen and including a Windows 7-style application listing in the first column. The second column displays Windows 8-style app tiles. Myerson stated that these changes would occur in a future update, but did not elaborate.[18][19] Microsoft also unveiled the concept of a "universal Windows app", allowing Windows Store apps created for Windows 8.1 to be ported to Windows Phone 8.1 and Xbox One while sharing a common codebase, with an interface designed for different device form factors, and allowing user data and licenses for an app to be shared between multiple platforms. Windows Phone 8.1 would share nearly 90% of the common Windows Runtime APIs with Windows 8.1 on PCs.[18][20][21][22]</div>
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Screenshots of a Windows build which purported to be Threshold were leaked in July 2014, showing the previously presented Start menu and windowed Windows Store apps[23] followed by a further screenshot in September 2014 of a build identifying itself as "Windows Technical Preview", numbered 9834, showing a new virtual desktop system, a notification center, and a new File Explorer icon.[24]</div>
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Announcement[edit]</div>
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Threshold was officially unveiled during a media event on September 30, 2014, under the name Windows 10; Myerson said that Windows 10 would be Microsoft's "most comprehensive platform ever", providing a single, unified platform for desktop computers, laptops, tablets, smartphones, and all-in-one devices.[25][26][27] He emphasized that Windows 10 would take steps towards restoring user interface mechanics from Windows 7 to improve the experience for users on non-touch devices, noting criticism of Windows 8's touch-oriented interface by keyboard and mouse users.[28][29] Despite these concessions, Myerson noted that the touch-oriented interface would evolve as well on 10.[30] In describing the changes, Joe Belfiore likened the two operating systems to electric cars, comparing Windows 7 to a first-generation Toyota Prius hybrid, and Windows 10 to an all-electric Tesla‍—‌considering the latter to be an extension of the technology first introduced in the former.[31]</div>
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In regards to Microsoft naming the new operating system Windows 10 instead of Windows 9, Terry Myerson has stated that "based on the product that's coming, and just how different our approach will be overall, it wouldn't be right to call it Windows 9."[32] He also joked that they could not call it "Windows One" (alluding to several recent Microsoft products with a similar brand, such as OneDrive, OneNote, and Xbox One) because Windows 1.0 already existed.[33] Tony Prophet, Microsoft Vice President of Windows Marketing, stated at a San Francisco conference in October 2014 that Windows 9 "came and went", and that Windows 10 is not "an incremental step from Windows 8.1," but "a material step. We're trying to create one platform, one eco-system that unites as many of the devices from the small embedded Internet of Things, through tablets, through phones, through PCs and, ultimately, into the Xbox."[34]</div>
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Further details surrounding Windows 10's consumer-oriented features were presented during another media event held on January 21, 2015, entitled "Windows 10: The Next Chapter". The keynote featured the unveiling of Cortana integration within the operating system, new Xbox-oriented features, Windows 10 Mobile, an updated Office Mobile suite, Surface Hub‍—‌a large-screened Windows 10 device for enterprise collaboration based upon Perceptive Pixel technology,[35] along with HoloLens‑augmented reality eyewear and an associated platform for building apps that can render holograms through HoloLens.[36]</div>
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Additional developer-oriented details surrounding the "Universal Windows Platform" concept were revealed and discussed during Microsoft's developers' conference Build. Among them were the unveiling of "Islandwood", which provides a middleware toolchain for compiling Objective-C based software (particularly, iOS software) to run as universal apps on Windows 10 and Windows 10 Mobile. A port of Candy Crush Saga made using the toolkit, which shared much of its code with the iOS version, was demonstrated, alongside the announcement that the King-developed game would be bundled with Windows 10 at launch.[37][38][39][40]</div>
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Release[edit]</div>
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On June 1, 2015, Microsoft first announced that Windows 10 would be released on July 29, 2015.[4] Microsoft began an advertising campaign centering on Windows 10, "Upgrade Your World", on July 20, 2015 with the premiere of television commercials in Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The commercials focused on the tagline "A more human way to do", emphasizing new features and technologies supported by Windows 10 that sought to provide a more "personal" experience to users.[41][42] The campaign culminated with launch events in thirteen cities on July 29, which celebrated "the unprecedented role our biggest fans played in the development of Windows 10".[43]</div>
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Features[edit]</div>
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Windows 10 harmonizes the user experience and functionality between different classes of device, and addresses shortcomings in the user interface that were introduced in Windows 8.[28][29][44] Windows 10 Mobile, the successor to Windows Phone 8.1, shares some user interface elements and apps with its PC counterpart.[45]</div>
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The Windows Runtime app ecosystem was revised into the Universal Windows Platform (UWP).[20][46][47] These universal apps are made to run across multiple platforms and device classes, including smartphones, tablets, Xbox One consoles, and other compatible Windows 10 devices. Windows apps share code across platforms, have responsive designs that adapt to the needs of the device and available inputs, can synchronize data between Windows 10 devices (including notifications, credentials, and allowing cross-platform multiplayer for games), and are distributed through a unified Windows Store. Developers can allow "cross-buys", where purchased licenses for an app apply to all of the user's compatible devices, rather than only the one they purchased on (e.g., a user purchasing an app on PC is also entitled to use the smartphone version at no extra cost).[21][48][49]</div>
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On Windows 10, Windows Store serves as a unified storefront for apps, Groove Music (formerly Xbox Music), and Movies & TV (formerly Xbox Video).[50] Windows 10 also allows web apps and desktop software (using either Win32 or .NET Framework) to be packaged for distribution on the Windows Store. Desktop software distributed through Windows Store is packaged using the App-V system to allow sandboxing.</div>
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System security[edit]</div>
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Windows 10 incorporates multi-factor authentication technology based upon standards developed by the FIDO Alliance.[59] The operating system includes improved support for biometric authentication through the Windows Hello and Passport platforms; devices with supported cameras (requiring infrared illumination, such as Intel RealSense) allow users to log in with face- or iris-recognition, similarly to Kinect. Devices with supported readers support fingerprint-recognition login. Credentials are stored locally and protected using asymmetric encryption. The Passport platform allows networks, software and websites to authenticate users using either a PIN or biometric login to verify their identity, without sending a password.[60]</div>
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The enterprise version of Windows 10 offers additional security features; administrators can set up policies for the automatic encryption of sensitive data, selectively block applications from accessing encrypted data, and enable Device Guard‍—‌a system which allows administrators to enforce a high security environment by blocking the execution of software that is not digitally signed by a trusted vendor or Microsoft. Device Guard is designed to protect against zero-day exploits, and runs inside a hypervisor so that its operation remains separated from the operating system itself.[59][61]</div>
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Command line[edit]</div>
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Windows 10 brings improvements to the system's command-line interface. Unlike in previous versions of Windows NT, the Win32 console windows can now be resized without any restrictions. It can be made to cover the full screen by pressing the Alt+↵ Enter combination on keyboard. Microsoft also enabled the use of standard keyboard shortcuts, such as those for cut, copy, and paste, within the console. Other features such as word wrap and transparency were also included. The user has the option to disable the new features and return to the legacy console if they wish.[62]</div>
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The anniversary update for Windows 10 adds Windows Subsystem for Linux. This allows the Ubuntu user space to run natively on Windows. The subsystem translates Linux system calls that Ubuntu uses to those of the Windows NT kernel. This allows the Bash and other 64-bit Ubuntu command line apps to run within the Windows console; however, Bash cannot run Windows software and Windows cannot run Linux software.[63][64][65][66][67]</div>
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Storage requirements[edit]</div>
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To reduce the storage footprint of the operating system, Windows 10 automatically compresses system files. The system can reduce the storage footprint of Windows by approximately 1.5 GB for 32-bit systems and 2.6 GB for 64-bit systems. The level of compression used is dependent on a performance assessment performed during installations or by OEMs, which tests how much compression can be used without harming operating system performance. Furthermore, the Refresh and Reset functions use runtime system files instead, making a separate recovery partition redundant, allowing patches and updates to remain installed following the operation, and further reducing the amount of space required for Windows 10 by up to 12 GB. These functions replace the WIMBoot mode introduced on Windows 8.1 Update, which allowed OEMs to configure low-capacity devices with flash-based storage to use Windows system files out of the compressed WIM image typically used for installation and recovery.[68][69][70] Windows 10 also includes a function in its Settings app that allows users to view a breakdown of how their device's storage capacity is being used by different types of files, and determine whether certain types of files are saved to internal storage or an SD card by default.[71]</div>
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Online services and functionality[edit]</div>
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Windows 10 introduces a new default web browser, Microsoft Edge.[72] It features a new standards-compliant rendering engine forked from Trident, annotation tools, and offers integration with other Microsoft platforms present within Windows 10.[73][74] Internet Explorer 11 is maintained on Windows 10 for compatibility purposes, but is deprecated in favor of Edge and will no longer be actively developed.[75][76]</div>
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Windows 10 incorporates Microsoft's intelligent personal assistant, Cortana, which was first introduced with Windows Phone 8.1 in 2014. Cortana replaced Windows' embedded search feature, supporting both text and voice input. Many of its features are a direct carryover from Windows Phone, including integration with Bing, setting reminders, a Notebook feature for managing personal information, as well as searching for files, playing music, launching applications and setting reminders or sending emails.[77][78] Cortana is implemented as a universal search box located alongside the Start and Task View buttons, which can be hidden or condensed to a single button.[53]</div>
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Microsoft Family Safety is replaced by Microsoft Family, a parental controls system that applies across Windows platforms and Microsoft online services. Users can create a designated family, and monitor and restrict the actions of users designated as children, such as access to websites, enforcing age ratings on Windows Store purchases, and other restrictions. The service can also send weekly e-mail reports to parents detailing a child's computer usage. Unlike previous versions of Windows, Child accounts in a family must be associated with a Microsoft account‍—‌which allows these settings to apply across all Windows 10 devices that a particular child is using.[79][80]</div>
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Windows 10 also offers the Wi-Fi Sense feature originating from Windows Phone 8.1; users can optionally have their device automatically connect to suggested open hotspots, and share their home network's password with contacts (either via Skype, People, or Facebook) so they may automatically connect to the network on a Windows 10 device without needing to manually enter its password. Credentials are stored in an encrypted form on Microsoft servers, and sent to the devices of the selected contacts. Passwords are not viewable by the guest user, and the guest user is not allowed to access other computers or devices on the network. Wi-Fi Sense is not usable on 802.1X-encrypted networks, nor networks with "_optout" at the end of their SSID.[81]</div>
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Universal calling and messaging app for Windows 10 are built in as of the November 2015 update. The apps are called Messaging, Skype Video, and Phone. These offer built-in alternatives to the Skype download and sync with Windows 10 Mobile.[82][83]</div>
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Multimedia and gaming[edit]</div>
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Windows 10 provides heavier integration with the Xbox ecosystem: an updated Xbox app allows users to browse their game library (including both PC and Xbox console games), and Game DVR is also available using a keyboard shortcut, allowing users to save the last 30 seconds of gameplay as a video that can be shared to Xbox Live, OneDrive, or elsewhere.[84][85] Windows 10 also allows users to control and play games from an Xbox One console over a local network.[86] The Xbox Live SDK allows application developers to incorporate Xbox Live functionality into their apps, and future wireless Xbox One accessories, such as controllers, are supported on Windows with an adapter.[87] Microsoft also intends to allow cross-buys and save synchronization between Xbox One and Windows 10 versions of games; Microsoft Studios games such as ReCore and Quantum Break are intended as being exclusive to Windows 10 and Xbox One.[88]</div>
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Candy Crush Saga and Microsoft Solitaire Collection are also automatically installed upon installation of Windows 10.[89][90]</div>
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Windows 10 adds native game recording and screenshot capture ability using the newly introduced game bar. Users can also have the OS continuously record gameplay in the background, which, then, allows the user to save the last few, user configurable, moments of gameplay to the hard disk.[91]</div>
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Windows 10 adds FLAC and HEVC codecs and support for the Matroska media container, allowing these formats to be opened in Windows Media Player and other applications.[92][93][94]</div>
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DirectX 12[edit]</div>
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Windows 10 includes DirectX 12, alongside WDDM 2.0.[95][96] Unveiled March 2014 at GDC, DirectX 12 aims to provide "console-level efficiency" with "closer to the metal" access to hardware resources, and reduced CPU and graphics driver overhead.[97][98] Most of the performance improvements are achieved through low-level programming, which allow developers to use resources more efficiently and reduce single-threaded CPU bottlenecking caused by abstraction through higher level APIs.[99][100] DirectX 12 will also feature support for vendor agnostic multi-GPU setups.[101] WDDM 2.0 introduces a new virtual memory management and allocation system to reduce workload on the kernel-mode driver.</div>
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<table class="wikitable" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); color: black; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 12.6px; margin: auto; text-align: center; width: auto;"><caption style="font-weight: bold;">Windows 10 support and update branches<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-184" style="font-size: 10.08px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"></sup></caption><tbody>
<tr><td style="background: rgb(242, 242, 242); border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; width: 82.9375px;"><b>Update branch</b></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; width: 160.938px;"><b>Windows Insider Preview Branch</b><br />(WIPB)<br />Beta software</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; width: 160.938px;"><b>Current Branch</b><br />(CB)<br />"Consumer grade"</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; width: 160.938px;"><b>Current Branch for Business</b><br />(CBB)<br />"Business ready"</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; width: 159.938px;"><b>Long Term Servicing Branch</b><br />(LTSB)<br />"Mission critical"</td></tr>
<tr><td rowspan="4" style="background: rgb(242, 242, 242); border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><b>Edition</b></td><td colspan="2" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">Home</td><td colspan="2" style="background: rgb(236, 236, 236); border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="3" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">Pro</td><td style="background: rgb(236, 236, 236); border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="3" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">Education</td><td style="background: rgb(236, 236, 236); border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="3" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">Enterprise</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">Enterprise LTSB</td></tr>
<tr><td style="background: rgb(242, 242, 242); border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><b>Critical updates</b><br /><span style="font-size: 11.34px;">Security patches and stability updates</span></td><td class="table-yes" rowspan="2" style="background: rgb(153, 255, 153); border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: middle;">Continuous as made available<br />(choice of <i>slow</i>, <i>fast</i>, or<i>release preview</i> ring)</td><td class="table-yes" rowspan="2" style="background: rgb(153, 255, 153); border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: middle;">Automatic and mandatory<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-185" style="font-size: 10.08px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_10#cite_note-185" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[185]</a></sup></td><td class="table-yes" style="background: rgb(153, 255, 153); border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: middle;">Automatic</td><td class="table-partial" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 187); border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: middle;">User can defer updates indefinitely</td></tr>
<tr><td style="background: rgb(242, 242, 242); border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><b>Feature upgrades</b><br /><span style="font-size: 11.34px;">Non-critical functionality and feature updates</span></td><td style="background: rgb(221, 255, 221); border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: middle;">Automatic or defer</td><td class="table-no" style="background: rgb(255, 153, 153); border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: middle;">Only through LTSB in-place upgrades</td></tr>
<tr><td style="background: rgb(242, 242, 242); border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><b>Feature upgrades cadence</b></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">Continuous as released</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">Progressively after WIPB evaluation</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">~4 months after CB evaluation or<br />defer for an additional ~8 months</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">LTSB releases are stable 'snapshots' of CBB</td></tr>
<tr><td style="background: rgb(242, 242, 242); border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><b>Upgrade support</b></td><td colspan="2" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">Continuous updating, features silently come and sometimes go with new builds</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">Continuous updating or in-place upgrade to supported LTSB builds</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">In-place upgrade support for the three most recent LTSB builds</td></tr>
<tr><td style="background: rgb(242, 242, 242); border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><b>Update support</b></td><td colspan="2" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">10 years (or until future builds require hardware support the old device doesn't have or ~4 months after a missed cumulative update made into CBB.)</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">10 years (or ~8 months from deferring build upgrade or until future builds require hardware support the old device doesn't have.)</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">5 years mainstream + 5 years extended</td></tr>
<tr><td style="background: rgb(242, 242, 242); border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><b>Update methods</b></td><td colspan="2" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">Windows Update</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">Windows Update<br />Windows Update for Business<br />Windows Server Update Services</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">Windows Update for Business<br />Windows Server Update Services</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br /><h2 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; font-family: "Linux Libertine", Georgia, Times, serif; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px;">
<span class="mw-headline" id="System_requirements">System requirements</span></h2>
<table class="wikitable floatright" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-collapse: collapse; border: 0px; clear: right; float: right; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 12.6px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em 1.5em; max-width: 535px; position: relative; text-align: center;"><caption style="font-weight: bold;">Hardware requirements for Windows 10</caption><tbody>
<tr><th scope="col" style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">Component</th><th scope="col" style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">Minimum</th><th scope="col" style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">Recommended</th></tr>
<tr><th scope="row" style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">Processor</span></th><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">1<span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">GHz</span> <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">clock rate</span><br /><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">IA-32</span> or <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">x86-64</span> architecture<br />Support for <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">PAE</span>, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">NX</span> and<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">SSE2</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-201" style="font-size: 10.08px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">[201]</span></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-202" style="font-size: 10.08px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">[202]</span></sup></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><div style="max-width: 210px;">
<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">x86-64</span> architecture with support for<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">CMPXCHG16B</span>, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">PrefetchW</span> and LAHF/SAHF <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">CPU instructions</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><th scope="row" style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">Memory (RAM)</span></th><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><b>IA-32 edition:</b> 1<span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">GB</span><br /><b>x86-64 edition:</b> 2<span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">GB</span></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">4<span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">GB</span></td></tr>
<tr><th scope="row" style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">Graphics card</span></th><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">DirectX 9</span> graphics device<br /><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">WDDM</span> 1.0<span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span>or higher driver</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">WDDM<span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span>1.3 or higher driver</td></tr>
<tr><th scope="row" style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">Display</span></th><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">800×600 <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">pixels</span></td><td class="table-na" style="background: rgb(236, 236, 236); border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: smaller; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: middle;">N/A</td></tr>
<tr><th scope="row" style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">Input device</th><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">Keyboard</span> and <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">mouse</span></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">Multi-touch</span> display</td></tr>
<tr><th scope="row" style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">Storage space</th><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><b>IA-32 edition:</b> 16<span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">GB</span><br /><b>x86-64 edition:</b> 20<span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">GB</span></td><td class="table-na" style="background: rgb(236, 236, 236); border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: smaller; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: middle;">N/A</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table class="wikitable plainrowheaders floatright" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-collapse: collapse; border: 0px; clear: right; color: black; float: right; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 12.6px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em 1.5em; max-width: 535px; position: relative;"><caption style="font-weight: bold;">Additional requirements for optional functionality</caption><tbody>
<tr><th scope="col" style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center;">Feature</th><th scope="col" style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center;">Requirements</th></tr>
<tr><th scope="row" style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-weight: normal; padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">Client <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">Hyper-V</span></th><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">Second Level Address Translation</span> (SLAT) and a 64-bit edition of Windows</td></tr>
<tr><th scope="row" style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-weight: normal; padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">Secure Boot</span></th><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">UEFI</span> v2.3.1 Errata B with Microsoft Windows Certification Authority in its database</td></tr>
<tr><th scope="row" style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-weight: normal; padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">BitLocker</span>, device encryption</th><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">Trusted Platform Module</span> (TPM)<span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span>2.0</td></tr>
<tr><th scope="row" style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-weight: normal; padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">Windows Hello</span></th><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">Illuminated infrared camera</td></tr>
<tr><th scope="row" style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-weight: normal; padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">Speech recognition</th><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">Microphone</td></tr>
<tr><th scope="row" style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-weight: normal; padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">Biometric authentication</th><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">Fingerprint reader</td></tr>
<tr><th scope="row" style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-weight: normal; padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">Device encryption</th><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">InstantGo</span></td></tr>
<tr><th scope="row" style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-weight: normal; padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">Miracast</span></th><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">Wi-Fi adapter that supports Wi-Fi Direct</td></tr>
<tr><th scope="row" style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-weight: normal; padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">Secure attention</span></th><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">Hardware equivalent of <kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap" style="background-image: linear-gradient(rgb(238, 238, 238), rgb(249, 249, 249), rgb(238, 238, 238)); border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 0.2em; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392) 0.1em 0.1em 0.2em; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.85em; padding: 0.1em 0.3em; white-space: nowrap;">Ctrl</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap" style="background-image: linear-gradient(rgb(238, 238, 238), rgb(249, 249, 249), rgb(238, 238, 238)); border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 0.2em; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392) 0.1em 0.1em 0.2em; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.85em; padding: 0.1em 0.3em; white-space: nowrap;">Alt</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap" style="background-image: linear-gradient(rgb(238, 238, 238), rgb(249, 249, 249), rgb(238, 238, 238)); border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 0.2em; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392) 0.1em 0.1em 0.2em; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.85em; padding: 0.1em 0.3em; white-space: nowrap;">Delete</kbd> or <kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap" style="background-image: linear-gradient(rgb(238, 238, 238), rgb(249, 249, 249), rgb(238, 238, 238)); border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 0.2em; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392) 0.1em 0.1em 0.2em; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.85em; padding: 0.1em 0.3em; white-space: nowrap;">⊞ Win</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap" style="background-image: linear-gradient(rgb(238, 238, 238), rgb(249, 249, 249), rgb(238, 238, 238)); border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-radius: 0.2em; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392) 0.1em 0.1em 0.2em; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.85em; padding: 0.1em 0.3em; white-space: nowrap;">Power</kbd> key sequence</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.4px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
The basic </div>
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windows_10_version_1511_updated_feb_2016_x86_x64_10586

Windows 10: Windows 10 is a personal computer operating system developed an...

Windows_7_AIO_SP1_x64_x86

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<h1 class="firstHeading" id="firstHeading" lang="en" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; font-family: "Linux Libertine", Georgia, Times, serif; font-size: 1.8em; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; overflow: visible; padding: 0px;">
Windows 7</h1>
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                                               Windows 7 (codenamed Vienna, formerly Blackcomb[8]) is a personal computer operating system developed by Microsoft. It is a part of the Windows NT family of operating systems. Windows 7 was released to manufacturing on July 22, 2009, and became generally available on October 22, 2009,[9] less than three years after the release of its predecessor, Windows Vista. Windows 7's server counterpart, Windows Server 2008 R2, was released at the same time.</div>
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Windows 7 was primarily intended to be an incremental upgrade to the operating system intending to address Windows Vista's poor critical reception while maintaining hardware and software compatibility. Windows 7 continued improvements on Windows Aero (the user interface introduced in Windows Vista) with the addition of a redesigned taskbar that allows applications to be "pinned" to it, and new window management features. Other new features were added to the operating system, including libraries, the new file sharing system HomeGroup, and support for multitouch input. A new "Action Center" interface was also added to provide an overview of system security and maintenance information, and tweaks were made to the User Account Control system to make it less intrusive. Windows 7 also shipped with updated versions of several stock applications, including Internet Explorer 8, Windows Media Player, and Windows Media Center.</div>
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In contrast to Windows Vista, Windows 7 was generally praised by critics, who considered the operating system to be a major improvement over its predecessor due to its increased performance, its more intuitive interface (with particular praise devoted to the new taskbar), fewer User Account Control popups, and other improvements made across the platform. Windows 7 was a major success for Microsoft; even prior to its official release, pre-order sales for 7 on the online retailer Amazon.com had surpassed previous records. In just six months, over 100 million copies had been sold worldwide, increasing to over 630 million licenses by July 2012, and a market share of 51.89% of "desktop operating systems" as of March 2016[10] according to Net Applications, making it the most widely used version of Windows.</div>
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<h2 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; font-family: "Linux Libertine", Georgia, Times, serif; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px;">
<span class="mw-headline" id="System_requirements">System requirements</span></h2>
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<span class="mw-headline"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="3" class="wikitable" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); color: black; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.4px; margin: auto; text-align: center;"><caption style="font-weight: bold;">Minimum hardware requirements for Windows 7</caption><tbody>
<tr><th rowspan="2" style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">Component</th><th colspan="2" style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">Operating system architecture</th></tr>
<tr><th style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">32-bit</th><th style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">64-bit</th></tr>
<tr><th style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">Processor</th><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">1 GHz IA-32 processor</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">1 GHz <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86-64" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="X86-64">x86-64</a> processor</td></tr>
<tr><th style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">Memory (RAM)</th><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">1 GB</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">2 GB</td></tr>
<tr><th style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">Graphics card</th><td colspan="2" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">DirectX 9 graphics processor with WDDM driver model 1.0</td></tr>
<tr><th style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">Free hard drive space</th><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">16 GB</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">20 GB</td></tr>
<tr><th style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">Optical drive</th><td colspan="2" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">DVD-ROM drive (Only to install from DVD-ROM media)</td></tr>
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<span class="mw-headline"><a href="http://www.mediafire.com/download/18ww6sb8v4lpq12/Windows_7_AIO_SP1_x64_x86.iso" target="_blank">Click to Download</a></span></div>
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Windows_7_AIO_SP1_x64_x86

Windows 7 Windows 7 (codenamed Vienna, formerly Blackcomb[8]) is a persona...

windows vista business sp2 x64 342327

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<h1 class="firstHeading" id="firstHeading" lang="en" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; font-family: "Linux Libertine", Georgia, Times, serif; font-size: 1.8em; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; overflow: visible; padding: 0px;">
Windows Vista:</h1>
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                                                    Windows Vista (codenamed Longhorn[7]) is an operating system by Microsoft for use on personal computers, including home and business desktops, laptops, tablet PCs and media center PCs. Development was completed on 8 November 2006, and over the following three months, it was released in stages to computer hardware and software manufacturers, business customers and retail channels. On 30 January 2007, it was released worldwide[8] and was made available for purchase and download from Microsoft's website.[9] The release of Windows Vista came more than five years after the introduction of its predecessor, Windows XP, the longest time span between successive releases of Microsoft Windows desktop operating systems. It was succeeded by Windows 7, which was released to manufacturing on 22 July 2009 and released worldwide for retail on 22 October 2009.</div>
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New features of Windows Vista include an updated graphical user interface and visual style dubbed Aero, a new search component called Windows Search, redesigned networking, audio, print and display sub-systems, and new multimedia tools including Windows DVD Maker. Vista aimed to increase the level of communication between machines on a home network, using peer-to-peer technology to simplify sharing files and media between computers and devices. Windows Vista included version 3.0 of the .NET Framework, allowing software developers to write applications without traditional Windows APIs.</div>
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Microsoft's primary stated objective with Windows Vista was to improve the state of security in the Windows operating system.[10] One common criticism of Windows XP and its predecessors was their commonly exploited security vulnerabilities and overall susceptibility to malware, viruses and buffer overflows. In light of this, Microsoft chairman Bill Gates announced in early 2002 a company-wide "Trustworthy Computing initiative", which aimed to incorporate security into every aspect of software development at the company.[11] Microsoft stated that it prioritized improving the security of Windows XP and Windows Server 2003 above finishing Windows Vista, thus delaying its completion.[12][13]</div>
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While these new features and security improvements have garnered positive reviews, Vista has also been the target of much criticism and negative press. Criticism of Windows Vista has targeted its high system requirements, its more restrictive licensing terms, the inclusion of a number of new DRM technologies aimed at restricting the copying of protected digital media, lack of compatibility with some pre-Vista hardware and software, longer boot time, and the number of authorization prompts for User Account Control. As a result of these and other issues, Windows Vista had seen initial adoption and satisfaction rates lower than Windows XP.[14] However, with an estimated 330 million Internet users as of January 2009, it had been announced that Vista usage had surpassed Microsoft's pre-launch two-year-out expectations of achieving 200 million users.[15][16] At the release of Windows 7 (October 2009), Windows Vista (with approximately 400 million Internet users) was the second most widely used operating system on the Internet with an approximately 19% market share, the most widely used being Windows XP with an approximately 63% market share.[17] In May 2010, Windows Vista's market share had an estimated range from 15% to 26%.[18][19] On 22 October 2010, Microsoft ceased sales of retail copies of Windows Vista, and the OEM sales for Vista ceased a year later.[20] As of March 2016, Vista market share was 1.41%.[21]</div>
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Microsoft stopped providing "mainstream support" for Windows Vista on 10 April 2012.[22] Extended support will end on 11 April 2017.<br />
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">Hardware requirements</span></b><br />
                                                              Computers capable of running Windows Vista are classified as Vista Capable and Vista Premium Ready.[111] A Vista Capable or equivalent PC is capable of running all editions of Windows Vista although some of the special features and high-end graphics options may require additional or more advanced hardware. A Vista Premium Ready PC can take advantage of Vista's high-end features.[112]<br />
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Windows Vista's Basic and Classic interfaces work with virtually any graphics hardware that supports Windows XP or 2000; accordingly, most discussion around Vista's graphics requirements centers on those for the Windows Aero interface. As of Windows Vista Beta 2, the NVIDIA GeForce 6 series and later, the ATI Radeon 9500 and later, Intel's GMA 950 and later integrated graphics, and a handful of VIA chipsets and S3 Graphics discrete chips are supported. Although originally supported, the GeForce FX 5 series has been dropped from newer drivers from NVIDIA. The last driver from NVIDIA to support the GeForce FX series on Vista was 96.85.[113][114] Microsoft offered a tool called the Windows Vista Upgrade Advisor[112] to assist Windows XP and Vista users in determining what versions of Windows their machine is capable of running. The required server connections for this utility are no longer available. Although the installation media included in retail packages is a 32-bit DVD, customers needing a CD-ROM or customers who wish for a 64-bit install media are able to acquire this media through the Windows Vista Alternate Media program.[115] The Ultimate edition includes both 32-bit and 64-bit media.[116] The digitally downloaded version of Ultimate includes only one version, either 32-bit or 64-bit, from Windows Marketplace.<br />
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<table class="wikitable" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); color: black; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.4px; margin: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><th style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">Component of PC</th><th style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">Minimum required</th><th style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">Recommended</th></tr>
<tr><th style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">Processor</th><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">800 MHz</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">1 GHz</td></tr>
<tr><th style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">Memory</th><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">512 MB</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">1 GB</td></tr>
<tr><th style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">Graphics card</th><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">Super VGA</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="line-height: 22.4px;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;"><span style="color: #0b0080;">WD</span>D<span style="color: #0b0080;">M 1.0</span></span></span><span style="line-height: 22.4px;">-compliant</span><br />
<span style="line-height: 22.4px;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">32 bits per pixel</span></span><br />
<span style="line-height: 22.4px;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">DirectX</span></span><span style="line-height: 22.4px;"> 9.0 support</span><br />
<span style="line-height: 22.4px;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">Pixel Shader 2.0</span></span><span style="line-height: 22.4px;"> support</span></td></tr>
<tr><th style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">Graphics memory</th><td class="table-na" style="background: rgb(236, 236, 236); border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); color: #2c2c2c; font-size: smaller; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: middle;">N/A</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">128 MB</td></tr>
<tr><th style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">Total HDD capacity</th><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">20 GB</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">40 GB</td></tr>
<tr><th style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">Free HDD space</th><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">15 GB</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">15 GB</td></tr>
<tr><th style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">Optical drives</th><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">CD-ROM drive</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">DVD-ROM drive</td></tr>
<tr><th style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">Others</th><td class="table-na" style="background: rgb(236, 236, 236); border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); color: #2c2c2c; font-size: smaller; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: middle;">N/A</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">TV tuner card <small>(Premium, Ultimate)</small><br />
Touchscreen <small>(Premium, Business, Ultimate)</small><br />
USB flash drive <small>(Ultimate)</small><br />
Trusted Platform Module <small>(Ultimate)</small></td></tr>
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<a href="http://www.mediafire.com/download/b3740czo2p78fy7/en_windows_vista_business_sp2_x64_dvd_342327.iso" target="_blank">Click to Download</a></div>
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windows vista business sp2 x64 342327

Windows Vista: Windows Vista (codenamed Longhorn[7]) is an operating s...